I.B.9-12.6

Analyze the development of voting and civil rights for all groups in the United States following reconstruction, to include:<ol type="a"><li>intent and impact of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments to the constitution</li><li>segregation as enforced by Jim Crow laws following reconstruction</li><li>key court cases (e.g., Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Roe v. Wade)</li><li>roles and methods of civil rights advocates (e.g., Martin Luther King, Jr., Malcolm X, Rosa Parks, Russell Means, César Chávez)</li><li>the passage and effect of the voting rights legislation on minorities (e.g., 19th amendment, role of Arizona supreme court decision on Native Americans, their disenfranchisement under Arizona constitution and subsequent changes made in other state constitutions regarding Native American voting rights - such as New Mexico, 1962, 1964 Civil Rights Act, Voting Act of 1965, 24th Amendment)</li><li>impact and reaction to the efforts to pass the Equal Rights Amendment</li><li>rise of black power, brown power, American Indian movement, united farm workers</li></ol>