Using historical reasoning processes (comparison, causation, continuity and change), analyze patterns and connections between and among historical developments and processes.

CS.6

Course Skill

Depth 2

Develop an argument.

1.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context for European encounters in the Americas from 1491 to 1607.

1.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why various native populations in the period before European contact interacted with the natural environment in North America.

1.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes of exploration and conquest of the New World by various European nations.

1.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effect on Europe and the Americas during the period after 1492.

1.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how the growth of the Spanish Empire in North America shaped the development of social and economic structures over time.

1.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why European and Native American perspectives of others developed and changed in the period.

1.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of the development of transatlantic voyages from 1491 to 1607.

2.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context for the colonization of North America from 1607 to 1754.

2.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why various European colonies developed and expanded from 1607 to 1754.

2.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why environmental and other factors shaped the development and expansion of various British colonies that developed and expanded from 1607 to 1754.

2.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain causes and effects of transatlantic trade over time.

2.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why interactions between various European nations and American Indians changed over time.

2.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of slavery in the various British colonial regions.

2.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how enslaved people responded to slavery.

2.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why the movement of a variety of people and ideas across the Atlantic contributed to the development of American culture over time.

2.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why the different goals and interests of European leaders and colonists affected how they viewed themselves and their relationship with Britain.

2.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Compare the effects of the development of colonial society in the various regions of North America.

3.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context in which America gained independence and developed a sense of national identity.

3.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the Seven Years' War (the French and Indian War).

3.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how British colonial policies regarding North America led to the Revolutionary War.

3.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why colonial attitudes about government and the individual changed in the years leading up to the American Revolution.

3.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how various factors contributed to the American victory in the Revolution.

3.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the various ways the American Revolution affected society.

3.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Describe the global impact of the American Revolution.

3.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how different forms of government developed and changed as a result of the Revolutionary Period.

3.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the differing ideological positions on the structure and function of the federal government.

3.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in the structure and functions of the government with the ratification of the Constitution.

3.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why competition intensified conflicts among peoples and nations from 1754 to 1800.

3.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why political ideas, institutions, and party systems developed and changed in the new republic.

3.M

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in American culture from 1754 to 1800.

3.N

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why migration and immigration to and within North America caused competition and conflict over time.

3.0

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in regional attitudes about slavery as it expanded from 1754 to 1800.

3.P

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how the American independence movement affected society from 1754 to 1800.

4.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context in which the republic developed from 1800 to 1848.

4.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of policy debates in the early republic.

4.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how different regional interests affected debates about the role of the federal government in the early republic.

4.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why American foreign policy developed and expanded over time.

4.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce over time.

4.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why innovation in technology, agriculture, and commerce affected various segments of American society over time.

4.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the expansion of participatory democracy from 1800 to 1848.

4.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of continuing policy debates about the role of the federal government from 1800 to 1848.

4.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why a new national culture developed from 1800 to 1848.

4.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes of the Second Great Awakening.

4.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why various reform movements developed and expanded from 1800 to 1848.

4.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in the experience of African Americans from 1800 to 1848.

4.M

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of the South from 1800 to 1848.

4.N

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the extent to which politics, economics, and foreign policy promoted the development of American identity from 1800 to 1848.

5.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context in which sectional conflict emerged from 1844 to 1877.

5.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of westward expansion from 1844 to 1877.

5.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the Mexican– American War.

5.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the similarities and differences in how regional attitudes affected federal policy in the period after the Mexican–American War.

5.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of immigration from various parts of the world on American culture from 1844 to 1877.

5.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how regional differences related to slavery caused tension in the years leading up to the Civil War.

5.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the political causes of the Civil War.

5.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Describe the effects of Lincoln's election.

5.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the various factors that contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War.

5.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how Lincoln's leadership during the Civil War impacted American ideals over the course of the war.

5.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of government policy during Reconstruction on society from 1865 to 1877.

5.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why Reconstruction resulted in continuity and change in regional and national understandings of what it meant to be American.

5.M

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Compare the relative significance of the effects of the Civil War on American values.

6.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the historical context for the rise of industrial capitalism in the United States.

6.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the settlement of the West from 1877 to 1898.

6.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how various factors contributed to continuity and change in the "New South" from 1877 to 1898.

6.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of technological advances in the development of the United States over time.

6.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the socioeconomic continuities and changes associated with the growth of industrial capitalism from 1865 to 1898.

6.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the socioeconomic continuities and changes associated with the growth of industrial capitalism from 1865 to 1898.

6.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how cultural and economic factors affected migration patterns over time.

6.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the various responses to immigration in the period over time.

6.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how different reform movements responded to the rise of industrial capitalism in the Gilded Age.

6.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain continuities and changes in the role of the government in the U.S. economy.

6.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the similarities and differences between the political parties during the Gilded Age.

6.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the extent to which industrialization brought change from 1865 to 1898.

7.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context in which America grew into its role as a world power.

7.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the similarities and differences in attitudes about the nation's proper role in the world.

7.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of the Spanish–American War.

7.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Compare the goals and effects of the Progressive reform movement.

7.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Compare attitudes toward the use of natural resources from 1890 to 1945.

7.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and consequences of U.S. involvement in World War I.

7.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time.

7.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the innovations in communication and technology in the United States over time.

7.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time.

7.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes of the Great Depression and its effects on the economy.

7.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how the Great Depression and the New Deal impacted American political, social, and economic life over time.

7.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why U.S. participation in World War II transformed American society.

7.M

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the victory of the United States and its allies over the Axis powers.

7.N

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the consequences of U.S. involvement in World War II.

7.O

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Compare the relative significance of the major events of the first half of the 20th century in shaping American identity.

8.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context for societal change from 1945 to 1980.

8.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in Cold War policies from 1945 to 1980.

8.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the Red Scare after World War II.

8.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes of economic growth in the years after World War II.

8.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the migration of various groups of Americans after 1945.

8.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how mass culture has been maintained or challenged over time.

8.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why the civil rights movements developed and expanded from 1945 to 1960.

8.H

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the various military and diplomatic responses to international developments over time.

8.I

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the Vietnam War.

8.J

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of continuing policy debates about the role of the federal government over time.

8.K

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the continuities and changes in immigration patterns over time.

8.L

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why various groups responded to calls for the expansion of civil rights from 1960 to 1980.

8.M

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the various ways in which the federal government responded to the calls for the expansion of civil rights.

8.N

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why opposition to existing policies and values developed and changed over the course of the 20th century.

8.O

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain how and why policies related to the environment developed and changed from 1968 to 1980.

8.P

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the effects of the growth of religious movements over the course of the 20th century.

8.Q

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the extent to which the events of the period from 1945 to1980 reshaped national identity.

9.A

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the context in which the United States faced international and domestic challenges after 1980.

9.B

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of continuing policy debates about the role of the federal government over time.

9.C

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the end of the Cold War and its legacy.

9.D

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of economic and technological change over time.

9.E

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of domestic and international migration over time.

9.F

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the causes and effects of the domestic and international challenges the United States has faced in the 21st century.

9.G

Learning Objective

Depth 2

Explain the relative significance of the effects of change in the period after 1980 on American national identity.

CS.1.A

Skill

Depth 3

Identify a historical concept, development, or process.

CS.1.B

Skill

Depth 3

Explain a historical concept, development, or process.

CS.2.A

Skill

Depth 3

Identify a source's point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience.

CS.2.B

Skill

Depth 3

Explain the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/ or audience of a source.

CS.2.C

Skill

Depth 3

Explain the significance of a source's point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/ or audience, including how these might limit the use(s) of a source.

CS.3.A

Skill

Depth 3

Identify and describe a claim and/or argument in a text-based or non-text-based source.

CS.3.B

Skill

Depth 3

Identify the evidence used in a source to support an argument.

CS.3.C

Skill

Depth 3

Compare the arguments or main ideas of two sources.