NFL.DOE.9.

All speaking and debating activities involve the exchange of ideas, which happens as a result of the presenter engaging with audiences while speaking, influencing viewpoints of judges and other contestants. Participants take notes during debates, cross-examine one another, and focus attention to arguments made and the credibility evidence used. In interscholastic competition, all of this happens in a “multi-institutional setting” (Brendan Kelly, Ph.D.), maximizing reach of the exchange of perspectives. In a classroom or practice setting, instructors encourage students to evaluate their peers’ ideas, and offer feedback, bolstering the engagement in speaking and listening.